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Bible Class Commentaries:

Ephesians

A

Bible Class Commentary

by

Henry T. Mahan

1

God's free grace in Christ

Ephesians 1:1-14

In order to help us in our study of the first part of chapter 1, I will divide it into five parts.

vv. l, 2. The salutation or greeting. The writer is 'Paul'. His office is 'an apostle of Jesus Christ'. His call to that office is 'by the will of God'. The people to whom he writes are 'the saints at Ephesus, the faithful in Christ Jesus'. His prayer for them is for 'grace and peace from the Father and the Lord Jesus'.

vv. 3. The ground and cause of the salvation of sinners is the free grace of God in Christ. God is the God of Christ, as Christ is man and Mediator, and God is the Father of Christ, as Christ is God by an eternal and unspeakable generation (Ps. 2:7). 'Blessed be God, that is, we congratulate his greatness and goodness; we ascribe glory and honour to him and give thanks for all 'spiritual blessings'. These spiritual blessings are more than common or temporal blessings. They are 'special' blessings. They are mercy and grace through the eternal covenant, all things pertaining to justification, peace, pardon, adoption, sanctification and eternal life! 'In Christ' God has purposed, decreed and given every spiritual blessing which heaven can bestow, which heaven can require and which is needed to enter and enjoy heaven's realm. Praise God for all that I am, have and ever shall be! It is his gift through my Head and Representative, the Lord Jesus Christ.

vv. 4-6. Paul deals with the means of salvation as they were purposed, decreed and prepared by the Father in his eternal counsel.

1. The Father chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world, not because we were holy, but that we should be holy. God, in eternity past, determined to have a holy people to populate a new heaven and a new earth; therefore, he chose them in Christ out of Adam's fallen race (John 15:16; 2 Thess. 2:13; 2 Tim. 1:9; 1 Cor. 1:26-29).

2. The Father predestinated us to be adopted as his own children through Jesus Christ (Acts 13:48; Rom. 8:29, 30). God foreordained the persons, the means and the end, or goal, of redemption according to the good pleasure of his own will.

3. The Father accepted us in Christ, which is understood of our persons as righteous, redeemed and sanctified in Christ. He looks upon us in Christ and is well pleased. We are already seated with Christ in heavenly places (Eph. 2:6). All of this God the Father has done for the eternal praise of his glorious grace (Eph. 2:7).

vv. 7-12. Paul deals with the means of salvation, as they were purchased and accomplished by Christ in the work of redemption.

1. Christ redeemed us by his blood. We were in bondage to sin, the law and justice (Gal. 3:10). The law of God is honored by his obedience and the justice of God is satisfied by his death, and we have full and complete forgiveness (Rom. 3:19-26).

2. Christ enlightened us as to the mystery of his gospel of redemption. The gospel is a hidden mystery to the natural man, Jew and Gentile (Col. 1:26; Rom. 16:25, 26; 1 Cor. 2:7-10). In Christ we see both the wisdom and the power of God in redemption. This he reveals when he pleases and to whom he pleases, that in his own time elect angels and elect men will be brought together under one Head (Col. 1:16-18).

3. Christ enriched us. In Christ we were made God's children and we obtained that glorious inheritance of all things (Rom. 8:16, 17).

4. All of this Christ, our Redeemer, has done for the eternal praise of his glorious grace (1 Cor. 1:30, 31).

vv. 13, 14. Paul deals in these verses with the means of salvation as they are applied to the elect by the Holy Spirit.

1. We heard the gospel. This is hearing with the heart, the understanding and faith (Matt. 13:16, 17; 1 Thess. 1:4, 5). All men hear words, but the Holy Spirit quickens, regenerates and gives spiritual life to God's elect. They hear not just words, but truth -- the good news of salvation.

2. We believed the gospel (Rom. 10:9, 10, 13-15; Eph. 2:8, 9). Faith is the gift and work of God in the soul.

3. We were sealed with the Holy Spirit. The seal or stamp of the eternal covenant is not circumcision, baptism, nor even our outward graces, but the Spirit of God (Rom. 8:9, 14-16; 1 John 3:24; 4:13).

4. The Holy Spirit is the guarantee of our inheritance. He is the first-fruits, the pledge and foretaste, the down payment on our inheritance. We have the indwelling Holy Spirit in anticipation of the full possession of our inheritance in God's good time. And all this he does to the praise of his gory.

2

Paul's prayer for the Ephesians

Ephesians 1:15-23

v. 15. Good reports had come to Paul of the Ephesians' 'faith in the Lord Jesus'. (They had seen the glory of his person and the fullness of his grace.) Paul also had heard of their love for all believers -- Jew and Gentile, rich and poor, lesser and greater. Their faith was the cause of their love, the evidence of their justification (Rom. 5:1; John 13:35).

These two graces are inseparable. Faith and love go together and are found in the same persons. Where they exist, they cannot be hidden. Faith will confess and lean on Christ, and love will manifest itself in word and in deed (1 John 4:8).

v. 16. When we discover a work of God's grace in other people, it always leads us to two special responses:

1. We give thanks to God for them because this life and love in them is not a product of their merit but the gift of God.

2. We pray for them. We need to pray continually for one another as much after we are saved as before (1 Sam. 12:23).

In the next verses Paul gives us a summary of his prayers to God on their behalf.

v. 17. 'That God may give you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him.'

These people already knew the Lord, as was indicated by their faith in him; but this is a prayer for the increase of that knowledge (2 Peter 3:18; Phil. 3:10). This knowledge of Christ and its increase can only come by and through the Holy Spirit, who is the spirit of wisdom and revelation (John 16:13-15; 1 Cor. 2:10-13).

v. 18. 'That the eyes of your understanding may be flooded with light and understanding' -- that you might see

1. the sinfulness of sin,

2. the insufficiency of your own righteousness, and

3. the beauty, glory and suitableness of Christ as Redeemer and Lord.

The natural man, being in darkness, neither sees nor understands these mysteries (2 Cot. 4:3-6). We need a better view of them.

v. 18. 'That you may know what is the hope of his calling.'

By which is meant either the hope of external happiness, Christ, who is our hope, the grace of hope, which is an exercise of faith, or all three!

For the hope of eternal glory is founded on Christ, and the grace of hope lives only in the heart where Christ dwells! As we know more of Christ, we know more of the hope of his calling'.

v. 18. 'That ye may know the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints.'

The elect are the Lord's portion and inheritance, in whom he is glorified and will be glorified (Eph. 2:7). This seems to be speaking of the heavenly inheritance which the Lord is preparing for us (John 14:2, 3). Paul said there are no words to describe it (2 Cor. 12: 2-4).

5. v. 19. 'That you may know the exceeding greatness of his power to us who believe.' This is the power of God in our conversion and faith, the power that regenerated us, raised us from the dead and formed Christ in us (Eph. 2:1; Col. 2:13).

v. 20. This power of God that quickened us and made us to live spiritually is compared with that power which raised Christ from the dead. Christ was raised for our justification as our Representative. We live because he lives, and we are free from sin because Our Surety, who bore our sins, is now free from them. But there is a likeness between his resurrection and our quickening.

1. His resurrection is called a begetting. He is the first-begotten from the dead. Our regeneration is termed a begetting (1 Peter 1:3).

2. His human body was lifeless, as natural men are without spiritual life.

3. His human body could not raise itself, as we cannot give ourselves life.

4. His resurrection was the pure, unaided work of God, as is our regeneration (Eph. 2:1).

5. His resurrection led to his exaltation at the right hand of God and is where in our representative (Christ) we who are regenerated are already seated! (Eph. 2:6.)

v. 21. Christ, our Lord, is exalted far above all rule or authority, above all power and dominion in heaven, earth, or hell, and above every name that is named or title that can be conferred in this world or the world to come (Col. 1:16-18; Phil. 2:9-11). He has authority over all, especially his church!

vv. 22, 23. Christ has all authority (Matt. 28:18; John 17:2). Christ is the supreme Head of his church. This headship is an honorable, glorifying gift to him as Mediator. But it is also a grace gift to the church, for he rules for our good, he performs all offices for our salvation and he communicates all good things to us (Ps. 8:6).

3

Salvation by sovereign grace

Ephesians 2:1-10

In this portion of Scripture the apostle magnifies the riches of God's grace in the salvation of sinners by Jesus Christ. He describes what we were by nature (vv. 1-3). He then relates what God has done for us in Christ (vv. 4, 5). He next observes our present and future blessings and glory (vv. 6-10).

v. 1. Every man by nature is dead in sin -- separated from God (v. 1 2), without God, without Christ, without the Spirit, completely deprived of any spiritual ability to do anything good (Gen. 6:5; Jer. 13:23; Rom. 8:7; 3:10-12). The fountain cause of this spiritual death was Adam's sin (Rom. 5:12, 17-19). This corrupt state of sin and spiritual deadness is continued through reproduction (Ps. 51:5; 58:3).

v. 2. Sins and evil are the path (road or direction) in which all unbelievers walk. Walking denotes a continuous practice or tenor of life. Sin was our daily employment and occupation. In this walk of darkness we had two guides.

1. 'According to the corrupt course and custom of the world.' The customs, manners and way of life of fallen flesh determined our thoughts, values and conversation (Isa. 55:8; 1 Cor. 3:3). We walked as carnal men walk, not as spiritual men walk.

2. 'According to the prince of the power of the air.' This is Satan, who is called this, not because of any power he had over winds, storms and weather, but because he is the prince of a legion of demons and evil spirits who have residence in the air. He has great power to blind men's minds, fill their hearts with evil and lead them into great sin. Men walk after him, imitate him and do his will (John 8:44). He reigns now in all unbelievers.

v. 3. The apostle says that in this condition, conduct and state we all (Jew and Gentile, himself included) lived and walked.

1. Our course of life was 'in the lusts of our flesh'. This has to do mainly with the body -- its appetites, corrupt desires and sensual delights (Gal. 5:16-21).

2. We fulfilled the desires of the flesh and mind'. Desire here is the will and thoughts of our evil minds. Not only is our flesh corrupt, but also our affections, understanding and wills. We sinned because we willed to sin. We walked in darkness because we loved darkness (John 3:19). 3. The reason for all this: 'We were children of wrath by nature.' This is the root or cause of our sin and miserable slavery. From our conception, birth and cradle we are children of wrath -- God's wrath!

vv. 4, 5. 'But God who is rich in mercy... ' Mercy is an attribute of God as well as righteousness and justice. God's mercy is plenteous, free and infinite in Christ. His love and mercy to his chosen people in Christ are from everlasting and arise altogether out of himself, not because of any merit foreseen in them.

'Even when we were dead in sins,' he made us alive in union and fellowship with Christ. Consider this in two ways.

1. When our Lord lived on this earth, we lived in him. When he died, we died in him. When Christ arose and ascended, we arose and are now seated with him in the heavenlies. In this sense we are quickened with Christ.

2. In regeneration (the new birth) a sinner (dead spiritually) is made alive in Christ. He is given a new nature, a new heart and becomes a new creature. Christ is that life: for he is the author, the cause and the source of life (Col. 3: 4). It is a gift of his grace.

vv. 6, 7. This is a spiritual resurrection from death (in sin and separation from God) unto spiritual life (a living union with God in Christ). Christ (our Representative, our federal Head, our great High Priest) has already entered into heaven, and we are loved, forgiven, accepted and made one with God in him. Throughout eternity we shall be displayed as the trophies of God's wonderful grace. All of the elect angels and elect men will forever praise the Lord for his mercy and kindness toward us in Christ Jesus (Rev. 5:9-14).

vv. 8, 9. We are redeemed from death and sin to life and glory by the free grace of God. Election, redemption, calling, repentance, faith, sanctification and eternal glory are all ours by the free grace of our Lord (1 Cor. 1:30). Faith in Christ is the way, means, or instrument by which we receive and enjoy salvation; and this saving faith is not the product of man, but the gift of God. We receive salvation by faith and give all the glory to God. Any works of righteousness done by us are not ours, but are by the grace of God.

v. 10. However, lest (by commending God's grace as the cause, source and sustaining power in salvation and excluding works as making any contribution in our justification) the apostle should give the impression that works and a holy life are unnecessary, he adds, 'We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works.' The spirit that lives in us is the spirit of love, joy, faith, humility and truth. Our calling is a 'holy calling'. Our Father is a 'merciful and holy Father'. Our walk is with him (Phil. 1:9-11; 1 Tim. 6:11).

4

No more strangers -- but sons

Ephesians 2:11-22

In the preceding verses of this chapter Paul magnifies the riches of God's grace toward Jew and Gentile sinners. We all were dead in trespasses and sins. We all were children of wrath, following Satan and fulfilling our lusts and desires. But God quickened us together with Christ. Both Jew and Gentile have need to praise the grace of God (Rom. 3:19-24).

v. 11. The Ephesians are called upon to remember and consider further (in order that God's grace and mercy to them might be magnified) that they were not only dead in sin, but were Gentile dogs -- not of the covenant people Israel, not of the house of Abraham, not of the people to whom the promises, prophecies and sacrifices were given. They were called uncircumcised by way of reproach and contempt.

v. 12. As Gentiles, 'Ye were without Christ.' The Messiah was promised to Israel, the prophecies concerning the Saviour were given to Israel and the types, sacrifices and priesthood were of Israel.

'Aliens from the commonwealth of Israel.' So great an alienation and distance was there between Jew and Gentile that Gentiles could not dwell among Jews, eat nor converse with them, marry them, eat the Passover, nor join with them in worship.

'Strangers from the covenant of promise,' to the covenant given to Abraham, to the covenant at Sinai and to the covenant of grace. It might read, 'strangers to the promises of the covenant'.

'Having no hope' of a Messiah or salvation by him, no hope of the first resurrection or eternal life (Rev. 20:5, 6).

'Without God in the world,' without any knowledge of God, without any prescribed worship of God, without any sacrifice or sin-offering by which to approach God. It was said, 'He who dwells outside the land of Israel is like one who has no God!'

v. 13. But now, being chosen in Christ, redeemed in Christ, called to faith in Christ and becoming believers in Christ, we who were far from his law, his land, his people (aliens, strangers, without any knowledge of God) are made one with God through the blood of Christ. We are sons of God, having boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Christ (Heb. 10:19-22).

Near, so near to God --

Nearer I cannot be:

For in the person of his Son,

I am as near as he!

v. 14. Christ is the author of peace with God, the giver of peace to our hearts and the maker of peace between Jew and Gentile. The wall may refer to the wall in the temple which divided the court of Israel from the court of the Gentiles and kept them at a distance in worship; but it definitely is the ceremonial law of circumcision, types and sacrifices, for Christ is the fulfillment of all for Jew and Gentile (Rom. 1:16, 17).

v. l5. Christ, in his flesh, abolished all differences between Jew and Gentile. He is the tabernacle, where God meets men and men meet God. He is the one great High Priest, who intercedes on behalf of all. He is the Passover, the Lamb of God, the atonement. Circumcision is of the heart (not in the flesh) and results in a broken heart toward sin and God. All believers are one (Gal. 6:15; 3:28).

v. 16. By one body is meant either the human body of Christ, in which he obeyed the law, suffered for our sins, arose and ascended, or it may be meant that he reconciled all believers into one mystical body, the church of which he is the head. This he did by the cross, having slain the enmity of the law (both moral and ceremonial) (Eph. 5:22, 23).

v. l7. He came by his spirit in the ministry of his apostles, preaching Christ, who is our peace (peace made by his blood) and the gospel of peace to Jew and Gentile.

v. 18. Jew and Gentile have access to the Father through Christ. Neither the law nor justice stand in the way of a believing sinner approaching God if he comes through Christ alone (Heb. 4:14.16).

vv. 19, 20. Now we are no more aliens (strangers or foreigners) but citizens of the city of God, sons of God in his household. Christ is the foundation on which the church is built. He is the cornerstone which knits together all believers -- Jew and Gentile, Old and New Testament saints, saints on earth and saints above, in all ages and places (Matt. 16:15.18; 1 Cor. 3:10, 11).

vv. 21, 22. This is a spiritual building and will abide for ever. It is the church of the Lord Jesus Christ. It grows and is brought together as God calls out his elect, It is not finished yet as it will be. It is the habitation of God through the spirit. God dwells in his people (1 Peter 2:4, 5).

5

The mystery of Christ revealed

Ephesians 3:1-8

v. 1. This epistle was written when Paul was a prisoner in Rome. He called himself 'the prisoner of Jesus Christ' because he was in prison for preaching Christ and his gospel. The only crime of which he was guilty was preaching the gospel of Christ and that to the Gentiles. He taught them that circumcision and the rest of the ceremonies of the law were not binding on them, that Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to all who believe. This stirred up the Jews against him and led to his imprisonment. 'Therefore I am a prisoner for the sake of you Gentiles.' Another thought to comfort is that the forces of evil only have power over God's people as the Lord permits them (and it always works our good and his glory) (Gen. 50:19, 20; Rom. 8:28).

v. 2. The word 'dispensation' is stewardship or administration. The apostle Paul acted by divine authority. He was a steward or appointed ambassador of the mysteries of God to the Gentiles (Acts 9:15; 22:14, 15).

vv. 3, 4. The gospel of Christ is often called a 'mystery' (Eph. 1:9; 5:32; 6:19; Col. 1:25-27). The Trinity, the union of two natures in Christ, the whole doctrine of salvation by grace, the union of Christ and the believer are all mysteries which the natural man does not know, understand, nor love. They must be revealed by God's spirit, even to Paul (1 Cor. 2:7-11; Gal. 1:11, 12).

v. 5. The mystery of Christ (his incarnation, imputed righteousness, sacrifice, resurrection and intercession) certainly was not known nor understood by men in general; nor was it revealed to the prophets and men of God in the Old Testament as clearly and as plainly as it is now revealed to the apostles and to us. Some hints were given to Adam; and the gospel was preached to and by Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Isaiah; but it lay hidden for the most part in types, shadows and prophecies. One thing we know -- whatever they understood about his person and work, it was not to the extent that we know and understand by his spirit (Luke 24:44-47).

v. 6. This was especially not understood by the Old Testament prophets: that the Gentiles should be heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ right along with the Jews -- that the Gentiles should be one with them in the same body, under one and the same Head (Jesus Christ), partakers of the same grace, and enjoy the same privileges in Christ. Even the apostles had difficulty with this mystery (Gal. 2:11-16).

v. 7. He is a true minister of the gospel who is made a minister (not by men, but by God), called of God to the work of the ministry and given the gifts and grace which are required to fulfill his responsibility. The true minister can use natural capacity, education and acquired learning; but the gift of interpreting the Scriptures, presenting the gospel of free grace, leading men in the true worship of God, and taking oversight of the church is a distinct thing from natural ability, human learning, or even internal grace; it is given by the effectual working of God's power.

v. 8. 'This grace to know Christ, to understand the mysteries of redemption in Christ and to preach Christ is given to me. I am unworthy of this high honour, for I am less than the least of all the saints, the chief of sinners.' The greatest saints are generally the most humble. They have the lowest thoughts of their works and are the greatest admirers of the grace of God. The reason for their humility is an awareness of their sinful natures and a discovery of the love and grace of God to them in Christ Jesus. Their subject is now and will always be the 'unsearchable riches of Christ' (Rom. 12:3-5).

6

Holy treasure in earthen vessels

Ephesians 3:8-21

The apostle Paul was a very humble man. The choice servants of God are, generally speaking, the most humble. The reasons for their humility are that they are most aware of their own sinfulness, they have greater discoveries of God's love and grace in Christ and, being more sorely tried, they lean more completely on the arm of grace.

v. 8. Paul saw great grace in being trusted with the ministry of the gospel and having such treasure put in an earthen vessel. He was appointed to take the gospel of Christ to the Gentiles.

v. 9. The mystery mentioned in this verse is the gospel of Christ (Mark 4:11; 1 Cor. 2:7, 8). Natural men do not understand the gospel of substitution, do not see the wisdom of the cross and therefore must be born again, regenerated and taught of God (John 3:3; 6:44, 45). The ministry of the word is the means God uses to enlighten men (Rom. 10:13-15). The gospel was there from the beginning in the counsel and covenant of God; for he created all things in, by and for Christ (Col. 1:14-17); but it was hidden in some measure from the elect angels, from even the Old Testament saints and altogether from natural men.

v. 10. The purpose is that through and by the church of the Lord Jesus Christ the complex, many-sided wisdom of God in justifying the ungodly by Christ Jesus might be made known to the angels and powers even in heaven (l Peter l:12). The angels are witnesses of God's mercy to the church in Christ (Heb. 1:14).

v. 11. All of the salvation of sinners in Christ (which displays the wisdom and mercy of God) is according to his own eternal purpose, which he purposed in Christ before the world began. Christ the Redeemer and the time of his incarnation, sufferings and resurrection were all decreed by God (Acts 4:26-28). The persons for whom he became incarnate, suffered and died were chosen in him (Eph. 1:3-5).

v. 12. Therefore, because we are redeemed by Christ, our Representative (Rom. 5:19; 1 Cor. 15:21, 22) and Substitute, and God has enabled us to believe on Christ (who is the object of saving faith), we have boldness to enter into the very presence of God with courage and confidence (Heb. 10:19-22).

v. 13. 'So I ask you not to be discouraged because of the trials and troubles I have gone through to preach the gospel to you. I am not ashamed to be identified with Christ in reproach (Heb. 13:13) and hatred (John 15:18, 19). It is an honour to be counted worthy to suffer with him (Heb. 11:24-26; 2 Cor. 1:6).

v. 14. 'For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father.' The awesome responsibility of ministering the gospel, the privilege of access to the throne of grace and the perseverance of the believers in Ephesus led Paul to pray for them (2 Cor. 2:14-16; 3:5).

v. 15. He is the Father of all believers, all the elect in heaven and earth (John 1:12; 20:17).

vv. 16-19. This is the prayer Paul prayed for them:

1. That God would strengthen them so that they would not faint under trial. That the Holy Spirit would strengthen their spirits, their hearts and their inner selves with fresh supplies of grace. Strength to live for God's glory is from within (John 7:37-39).

2. This is the true source of all spiritual life, the key to union with the Father, the fountainhead of all blessings and the hope of eternal life -- 'Christ in you' (Gal. 4:19; Col. 1:27). That they might be rooted and grounded deep in love for Christ. This is our security -- his love for us and our love for him.

3. That they might be able, with all believers, to have a greater understanding of the great love of God for us -- what is the breadth, the length, the height and the depth of his love (Rom. 5:8).

4. That they might understand more of the special and peculiar love of Christ for his church, which is beyond perfect knowledge (his engaging to be Surety for them, his assumption of their nature, his payment for their debts, his giving them a perfect righteousness, his intercession, his constant supply of mercy and grace). We have some knowledge of it, but the more of it we know, the more we will be filled and flooded with Christ himself.

vv. 20, 21. The prayer closes with a celebration of the perfection, power and glory of God. God begins, carries on and finishes the work he purposed to do for his people. This work of eternal redemption will be infinitely beyond our highest prayers, desires, thoughts, hopes, or dreams.

7

A walk worthy of our calling

Ephesians 4:1-7

In the first three chapters of this epistle Paul deals with the doctrines of the grace of God, explaining and establishing them. In the last three chapters he deals mainly with the duties of believers with regard to the Christian walk.

v. l. 'I beseech you to take heed to your conduct and conversation that your behavior be a credit to him who by his grace called you out of darkness into his kingdom of light. In your attitude, speech, home life, business dealings and social contacts, conduct yourselves in a way that is becoming to the name of Christ which you wear. Adorn the gospel of Christ with righteousness' (Titus 2:7-10).

v. 2. 'In lowliness and meekness,' that is, in the exercise of humility having the best thoughts of others and the lowest thoughts of ourselves; in not envying the gifts and graces of others but rejoicing in them; and in willingness to receive correction, rebuke and instruction.

'With long-suffering,' bearing patiently the faults and infirmities of others, not being easily provoked to anger nor being offended by slight or misunderstanding. God is certainly patient with us! (Gal. 6:1, 2).

'Forbearing one another in love,' making whatever allowances are necessary because you love one another! (1 Cor. 13:4-7; 1 Peter 4:8).

v. 3. 'Be eager and strive earnestly to protect and keep the harmony and oneness of spirit in the church.' This spiritual union between Christ and his people and between believers is produced by the Holy Spirit. We are united in faith, love, purpose and one body. My responsibility is to do all within my power to protect and preserve that unity, even to surrendering my rights and opinions (Ps. 133:l; 1 Cor. 3:1-3).

v. 4. 'There is one body,' the church. It is called one body with respect to Jew and Gentile, to saints above and below and to separate classes and societies; for though there are several congregations and local churches, there is one church of which Christ is the Head and we are all brethren (Eph. 5:23; Col. 1:18).

'There is one spirit,' the Holy Spirit of God, who enlightens, quickens, makes alive and incorporates us all in the body of Christ -- members one of another.

'There is one hope of your calling,' that is, the glory hoped for and which is reserved for us in heaven. There are no degrees in this glory. It will be equally possessed by all; for they are all loved with the same love, chosen in the same Head, redeemed by the same blood and secured in the same covenant.

v. 5. 'One Lord,' the Lord Jesus Christ, who is Lord by right of creation (Col. 1:16, 17), of the Father's decree (Acts 2:36) and of his sacrificial death (Rom. 14: 9; Phil. 2: 9-11).

'One faith.' There is but one true grace of faith. It may be little faith, much faith, or great faith; but its author and object are the same in all -- the Lord Jesus Christ in his person and work (John 3:36).

'One baptism.' There is one baptism under the gospel, which is water baptism; to be administered in one and the same way -- by immersion; with one and the same subjects -- believers; and in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (Matt. 28:19; Acts 8:36-39).

v. 6. There is one eternal, infinite, omnipotent God of heaven and earth, who is the Father of all believers in Christ and who is sovereign over all, taking care of us all and dwelling in us all. Paul is saying (in vs. 4-6) that, as believers, we have all these things in common -- one body, one spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God, who is our Father. Therefore, we must and will be one family joined together in love stronger than anything this world can know. To disturb that unity is displeasing to God (Prov. 6:16-19).

v. 7. God's grace was given to us individually -- grace to know Christ, to walk with Christ and to minister for the glory of Christ. He gives grace and gifts as he will and to whom he will, and there is no room for pride, envy, or contempt (1 Cor. 4:7).

8

The work of the ministry

Ephesians 4:8-16

v. 8. This is a quotation from Psalm 68:18, and it speaks of our Lord's ascension to heaven from Mt. Olivet in the sight of the apostles (Acts 1:9-11). In this he fulfills the type of the High Priest entering into the holiest to make intercession for his people, to prepare a place for them and to send down the Holy Spirit with his grace and gifts to them.

'He led captivity captive.' He led a train of vanquished foes; he conquered those who had conquered us, such as sin, Satan and death. Christ conquered and triumphed over every spiritual enemy and those of his people.

'And gave gifts to men' -- the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and especially such as qualify men for the work of the ministry and make them useful for God's glory and the good of the church (Rom. 12:5-8).

vv. 9, 10. These verses are simply saying that it could not be said of Christ that he ascended into heaven if he had not first descended or come down to the earth (John 3:13). 'the lower parts of the earth' does not mean hell (as the Catholics say), but rather the whole of his humiliation, beginning with his mother's womb. He was made flesh!

'That he might fulfill all things' that were written, prophesied and typified of him. All that he did, is doing and will do is according to the Scriptures (1 Cor. 15:3, 4; Luke 24:27).

v. 11. He himself appointed and gave men gifts that qualified them to be apostles. This was the first and chief office in the church. They were called by Christ, had their doctrine directly from him and had a power to work miracles to confirm their doctrine (Heb. 2:3, 4). This office is now ceased.

'And some prophets' -- not ordinary ministers of the word but unusual men of God in the early church who had a particular gift to interpret Scripture (especially the prophecies of the Old Testament) and of foretelling things to come, such as Agabus (Acts 11:27-30).

'Evangelists' -- preachers of the gospel who were traveling missionaries.

'Pastors and teachers.' Many say this is one and the same office, and it may be, for every true pastor is a teacher of the Scriptures. But it seems to me that there are teachers in the church who are not pastors. Pastors are the shepherds of the flock, while teachers may be gifted brethren in the church, teachers of the word and assistants to the pastors.

v. 12. The reason Christ gave us these ministers of the gospel is for 'the perfecting of all believers', for the best of believers are imperfect. Our faith, love, knowledge and sanctification need growth and maturity (1 Peter 2:2).

'For the work of the ministry,' to preach the gospel to the lost (2 Tim. 2:10), to oversee the church (1 Peter 5:1-4) and to teach the things of Christ (Matt. 28:19, 20).

'For the edifying of the body of Christ.' We preach and teach, not to divide nor to scatter the sheep, but to strengthen, build up and give comfort and assurance to the people of God.

v. l3. We pray, preach and teach until all the elect come to saving faith and are united in their sentiments concerning Christ, the source and object of faith. We preach until all of the elect come to a spiritual knowledge of Christ, behold his glory, trust in him and appropriate him to themselves. We preach that the elect may grow to a spiritual maturity. We will not be perfect until Christ comes and we are conformed to his image; but we, through proper use of the word, grow from spiritual infancy to maturity and strength in Christ (1 Peter 2:1, 2). The next two verses indicate that this is the meaning.

vv. 14, 15. When we were first converted, we were babes in Christ -- babes in understanding, having to be fed with milk; babes in strength, having to be protected, watched over and pacified; babes in fruit, having the buds of the fruit of the spirit but not the full flower. As children we are in danger from false teachers, cunning men and strange doctrines. As our tree ministers feed us the word of God, we grow up in all things in Christ. We become strong in faith, love, patience, knowledge and all grace. The danger of our being deceived or led away from Christ is lessened. The word of truth is the instrumental means of such growth (1 John 2:12, 13).

v. 16. Because of Christ, who is our Head, the whole church (called the whole body) in its various parts and members is joined and firmly knit together (1 Cor. 12:12, 13, 27). The bond (or cement) which holds us together is the grace of faith and love supplied by Christ to every part. When each part or member is working properly, the body grows to full maturity and builds itself up in love.

9

Put off the old man and put on the new

Ephesians 4:17-32

v. 17. Before conversion, believers walk as others (Eph. 2:2, 3). But when we are brought to a knowledge of Christ, our walk, conduct and conversation are not (or ought not be) like the unconverted. 'The vanity of the mind' is vain philosophy, foolish thoughts of self and God, the pursuit of worldly riches, honour and acclaim, and the continued effort to find pleasure and happiness in the world (Ps. 39:5).

vv. 18, 19. The unbelieving Gentiles are intelligent and wise enough in evil things, but in spiritual things their understanding is darkened (2 Cor. 4:3, 4; 1 Cor. 2:7-9).

They are alienated from the life of God because of sin. They have natural life and knowledge, but have no spiritual life nor proper knowledge of God (John 8:19, 42-44).

They are ignorant and their hearts are hardened against God. Every natural man is ignorant of spiritual things and his heart is hardened daily by sin (Rom. 8:7).

In their ignorance, deadness and carnality, they have given themselves to sensuality, eager to indulge in every form of evil and dishonesty. They are given to whatever sin their corrupt natures may suggest or desire.

v. 20. Believers cannot live in this manner, for a life of sin and indulgence in fleshly carnality is certainly not the life of Christ as we have been taught by his spirit.

vv. 21, 22. 'Assuming that the Lord has spoken to you through his word and by his spirit and that you have been taught the truth as it is in Christ Jesus (John 6:44, 45), you will put off and discard your old way of life. You will deny the old man (the old nature) the right to rule over you. The old nature has its lusts and desires, but they are deceitful. They promise pleasure and profit but yield neither! Put down this old nature with strong denials' (1 Tim. 6: 11; Titus 2:11, 12).

v. 25. By prayer, worship, reading the word and continued feeding upon Christ, our spiritual man is refreshed, revived and renewed (Ps. 51:10)

v. 24. To 'put on' the new nature is not to make ourselves new creatures in Christ, for this is God's work and not man's. It is God who regenerates and creates a new man in true righteousness and holiness. But to 'put on the new man' is to walk daily according to the principles of grace and holiness formed in us. Walk in the Spirit of Christ and avoid not only the works of evil but the very appearance of evil (1 Thess. 5:22).

v. 25. Reject and denounce lying, exaggeration and any effort to deceive. Speak tactfully and kindly words of truth to one another; for we are of the same body and a man is foolish to lie to himself.

vv. 26, 27. There is an anger which is not sinful, for anger is found in God and in Christ! It arises from a true zeal for God and for holiness and it is not against persons but against sins. But do not allow even this anger to continue: let it be over when the day is over. All anger and indignation should quickly be forgotten (James 1:19, 20). Do not give Satan any room, foothold, or opportunity to use you for evil purposes or to hinder the kingdom of God by your anger and bad attitude.

v. 28. Stealing takes many directions -- actual theft, obtaining possessions by false representation, failing to pay debts and receiving wages while not putting forth our best efforts. Make an honest living and be able and willing to share with others.

v. 29. Let your conversation be seasoned with grace and language which is spiritually beneficial to others. Avoid unwholesome words, worthless talk, gossip and excessive levity (Col. 3:8, 9; 4:6).

v. 30. The things mentioned above grieve, vex and offend the Holy Spirit of God, who dwells in us and by whom we are sealed unto the day of final redemption.

v. 31. Let all bitterness and wrath (bad temper, resentment and rage) be put away. Let all contention, strife and quarreling, along with all slander and ill will, be put away! (Col. 3:19.)

v. 32. Become useful, helpful, kind and tender-hearted with one another; and forgive one another readily and freely as God in Christ forgave you (Matt. 6:14, 15).

10

Be ye followers of God as his children

Ephesians 5:1-17

v. 1. The opening sentence gives us the theme of this chapter. As the children of God, we are to imitate and follow after him in acts of righteousness and holiness, in loving and forgiving one another, in acts of mercy and goodness and in freely distributing to the needs of others (Titus 2: 7-10).

v. 2. 'Walk in love.' Here is the key to all that is commanded, expected and needed for godliness and sanctification!

1. Live in love to God our Father, who has given us all things in Christ;

2. Live in love to Christ, for the love he has for us, the relationship we have with him and the things he has done for us, but chiefly

3. Live in love to one another. Our example is Christ, who loved us and give himself for us. He was both Priest and Sacrifice, giving his blood as a sacrifice to redeem us to God. This principle of love is sufficient motivation for mercy, forgiveness, kindness and all godliness! (Matt. 22:36-40; John 13:34, 35; 1 John 3:23.)

vv. 3, 4. Paul names several sinful practices which are unbecoming to children of God and which love for Christ and for one another should constrain them to avoid. 'Fornication' is committed between unmarried persons and was thought by the Gentiles not to be sinful. 'Uncleanness' includes adultery, incest, homosexuality and all unnatural lusts. 'Covetousness' is an immoderate desire after worldly, material things, but, judging from the context, it denotes continual thoughts and desires for the above lusts. Not only should believers avoid these sins, but they should avoid any thoughts or suggestions by liberal thinkers that they are not exceedingly sinful!

'Filthiness, foolish talking' and 'jesting' are sins of the mouth and tongue. It is much more becoming for a believer to be giving thanks to God and speaking of his kingdom, his mercy and his blessings than to employ his tongue in secular foolishness. To be more precise, filthiness of tongue is obscene words, blasphemy and offensive language. Foolish talking is vain, idle and unprofitable babbling, filled with exaggeration and worldliness. Jesting can become sinful when too much emphasis is given to humor, kidding and joking. Christians are happy people. They are a family of joyful friends who can share humor, experiences and pleasures; but they must carefully avoid even wholesome humor, giving themselves to more spiritual conversation which edifies and builds up the believer in faith.

vv. 5-7. 'With reference to fornication, unclean sexual practices and greed for the material things of this world (which is really idolatry), don't be deceived by the vain words of so-called free thinkers and liberal religionists. These practices are evil, and no person who walks in this manner has any inheritance in the kingdom of God. A sinful, corrupt life brings the wrath of God upon a religious person as quickly as upon an atheist. Do not be a partaker with the evil men even though they profess to believe on Christ.'

v. 8. 'At one time you were in total darkness, not knowing the evil of sin, the will of God, nor his true righteousness. You gave vent to the flesh and cared not for the glory of God. You are no longer in darkness, but are enlightened by the Spirit of God. Therefore, walk as children of light, not in sin and the works of darkness, but in faith, truth and holiness.'

v. 9. The fruit of the spirit (the kind of life produced by the presence of the Holy Spirit) is 'goodness' (as opposed to greed, lust and cruelty), 'righteousness' (as opposed to carnality, evil and worldliness) and 'truth' (as opposed to hypocrisy, lying and deceit). Where the Spirit of God dwells, there will be to some degree the appearance of this fruit (Gal. 5:22).

v. 10. There are many things which are 'acceptable to the Lord' -- the person of Christ, his righteousness, sacrifice and mediation, the persons of his people in Christ and the lives and conversation of his people when they are becoming to the gospel and according to his will (Col. 3:20; Heb. 13:15, 16, 20, 21).

v. 11. The believer will not and cannot find and enjoy social fellowship with ungodly and profane people (2 Cor. 6:14-18). Though we must work, live as neighbors and often converse with unbelievers, it is impossible for a true believer to enjoy and seek out the company of persons who know not and do not love our Lord. We reprove them not only with words but with a godly life which exposes their vain way of life, as light that drives away darkness (Heb. 11:7).

vv. 12, 13. Their secret lives of pride, lust, envy, hate and idolatry are even shameful to speak about; but as light reveals and discovers things unseen in darkness, so the sins and evil of men will be discovered and revealed by a true witness of the gospel of Christ and a godly life and attitude. All righteousness (whether by word or deed) which reveals sins is considered spiritual light.

vv. 14-17. This is written to the believer; for the children of God sometimes need to be revived, awakened and rebuked for their indifference and carelessness (Rom. 13:11-14). 'Take heed to your walk. Don't be a fool; the fashion of this world passes away. See to your calling and election; examine your faith; take inventory of your worship, prayer and devotional life; look to your attitude and daily walk.' Wise men walk with God in a careful and diligent use of the time God has given them because these are evil days and many are led away. 'Do not be unwise, but seek the will of the Lord!'

11

Obedience -- authority and love

Ephesians 5:18-33

v. 18. Drunkenness is the excessive drinking of any strong drink, and it is strongly condemned in the Scriptures. Wine is mentioned here because it was the usual liquor people drank in these Eastern countries. Excessive drinking deprives a person of reason, hurts the mind, brings disease to the body, opens the door to every sin, wastes possessions and sets a man below the beasts. 'Be filled with the Holy Spirit.' People with the Holy Spirit have spiritual joy and are controlled and dominated by the spirit, as wine controls and dominates the drunkard. Their walk, talk and thinking are all influenced by the spirit.

v. 19. 'Speaking to yourselves in psalms, hymns and spiritual songs.' When the Holy Spirit dwells within us like a well of living water and our hearts dwell on the goodness and mercy of God, the melodies and tunes with which we cheer ourselves and others are not the profane, loose and carnal songs of flesh, but are songs consisting of spirituality which gladden the heart and edify the soul (Col. 3:16).

v. 20. 'Giving thanks always for all things' (James 1:17; John 3:27). All mercies, temporal and spiritual, come from the Father through our Lord Jesus; and for these mercies in Christ we continually praise and thank God (1 Thess. 5:18). We give thanks for electing love, redeeming grace, eternal life, Christian fellowship, food, affliction and trials and all things (Rom. 8:28). Murmuring and complaining against the providence of God is a great sin.

v. 21. 'Submitting yourselves to one another.' Christ is the sovereign Head of the church, the supreme authority and King of the saints; and as such he is to be feared and reverenced. He delegates authority in his name in the home, in the church and in the world. In fear of the Lord and in reverence for him and his glory, we submit ourselves to that authority -- as wives to husbands, children to parents, servants to masters, members of the church to pastors and all men to civil magistrates (Rom. 13:1-4).

v. 22. 'Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands.' This subjection is not only in body, but in heart and spirit! Wives should think well of husbands, speak respectfully of them and to them, take care of family matters according to their husbands' will, imitate them in that which is good and bear patiently that which is not so agreeable. 'As unto the Lord,' because the Lord has commanded it, because the husband is the Lord's authority in the home and because rebellion against designated spiritual authority is rebellion against the Lord.

vv. 23, 24. Pertaining to redemption, in Christ there is neither male nor female, bond nor free; but Christ is all. But in the divine order governing the family of God on earth, our Lord has decreed authority and leadership which is to be obeyed and followed (1 Cor. 11:3; 1 Tim. 2:11-15).

Therefore, as the church is dependent on Christ, resigned to him, receiving from him protection, provision, comfort and happiness in a voluntary, sincere and hearty obedience (arising from a principle of love), so let the wives be subject to their husbands in things political, domestic and ecclesiastic.

v. 25. 'Husbands, love your wives.' This is still and always will be the key to any relationship! Because Christ loved us, he gave himself for us; because we love Christ, his yoke is easy and his burden is light. If a husband loves his wife as Christ loved the church (showing affection for her, delighting in her, seeking her contentment and happiness, concealing her faults, preferring her above his parents, neighbors or children and properly leading her in things spiritual), her submission will be a delight and joy to her.

vv. 26, 27. Because of the context, this reference seems to be to the custom of the Jews in their engagements to marry. A man was engaged to be married to a woman provided she had no spots, blemishes, nor past sexual affairs, If afterwards these faults were found in her, the marriage was off. But Christ found us guilty, sinful and full of fault. He loved us and cleansed us in his own blood so that he might present us holy and without spot in that day.

v. 28-30. Men ought to love their wives as they love themselves, for the two are actually one flesh (Gen. 2:23-25). The Lord and his church are one. This is the church of the firstborn, composed of every true believer of every generation.

v. 31. A man does not desert nor disown his parents; but he loves, cares and shows respect for them, honoring them as long as they live. But his marriage is the establishment of a new home and a new family, which his parents are not to interfere with nor try to control. His wife is to be preferred before his parents, and she is not to be allowed to suffer at their hands, nor are they to be allowed to come between husband and wife.

vv. 32, 33. The marriage union is compared to Christ's union with his church. He left his Father's house to come to earth. He loved us with infinite affection. He and his church are one. He provides for us, protects us and gives us his name for ever. We love and are in subjection to him!

12

Everyday theology

Ephesians 6:1-10

I will divide this portion of the chapter into five parts:

vv. 1-3 The duties of children to parents;

v. 4 The duties of parents to children;

vv. 5-8 The duties of servants to masters;

v. 9 The duties of masters to servants;

v. 10 Exhortation to all believers.

vv. 1-3. This verse refers mainly to unmarried children who are yet living at home with their parents. There is an honour, respect and reverence that is due to our parents all the days of our lives. Children at home are under the authority of parents as God's ministers and representatives, and they are to be respected and obeyed with a sincere and willing obedience as if their words and wishes were the words of God himself. Of course, 'in the Lord' would rule out obeying our parents in evil activities which are contrary to the word of God.

This honoring of our parents touches several areas. It goes beyond loving them, obeying their commands, overlooking their infirmities and speaking respectfully of and to them. They are to be honored in our thoughts and attitudes. They are to be cared for in their old age. This is the first commandment that carries with it a promise (as indicated in v.3 and Exod. 20:12).

v. 4. Fathers are named because they are the heads of the families and are apt to be too severe (mothers are sometimes too indulgent); but both parents are intended, for both are responsible for the general welfare and behavior of the children. Children can be alienated from parents, from Christian doctrine and from the church by unwise and unreasonable discipline. 'Spare the rod and spoil the child' does not mean that children are to be beaten. The rod of discipline can be exercised in other and more effectual ways. Public rebuke, harsh language and passionate rages and tantrums are to be avoided. Refusing them proper recreation and wholesome fellowship with other children will discourse them. They are not adults and should not be expected to think, behave, nor even to reason like adults. Adult problems and misunderstandings, especially church difficulties, should never be discussed in the presence of children. They should be protected as much as possible from the trials of a difficult world until they are more mature.

vv. 5-8. Servants or workers, be obedient to those who are your superiors in things pertaining to the flesh. If you work for a person or you are under a foreman or a boss, do what you are told to do, do what you are paid to do, do what you are hired to do without complaining and quarreling, but with respect and humility. Serve your superiors in singleness of heart, that is, cheerfully, readily and with full effort, as if you were serving Christ himself, for all of our deeds are to be done for the glory of Christ.

There are some workers who pretend to work with great diligence and industry when the boss is present (in order to impress him); then when no one is watching, they loaf and neglect their work. This is evil? We should work as diligently in his absence as in his presence; for believers have an eye to pleasing and glorifying God, not just winning the approval of men.

Working with 'good will... as to the Lord' is working with a good attitude, going beyond what we are told or expected to do, thankful that we have the health to work and a job with which to support our families and with concern for our superior's business and success.

Know this: that whatever a man does out of a right motive and principle of his heart for the glory of Christ, he will be blessed of God, whether he is a master or s servant!

v. 9. Masters, bosses and superiors, perform the duties and responsibilities toward your work as you would have your servants do theirs (the same way, with charity and humanity, as unto the Lord). Treat your servants as you would be treated. Pay them well, speak firmly but respectfully to them, remembering that you have a Master in heaven who deals with men as they deal with others. Your riches, power and position mean nothing to him; for he gives to all men the strength and possessions they have (1 Sam. 2:6, 7). A good master is as difficult to find as a good servant.

v. 10. This begins the conclusion of Paul's exhortation on the duties of believers to others. He addresses them all and says, 'Finally, brethren, be strong in the Lord.'

1. The things which are commanded are impossible to perform without God's strength and grace.

2. We need his strength and power to overcome our enemies, our flesh and Satan. We need his strength to adorn the doctrine of Christ with holiness and integrity.

3. Though we are weak and can do nothing of ourselves, his grace is sufficient for all things.

13

The whole armour of God

Ephesians 6:11-24

v. 11. The believer lives in a world of evil. He is surrounded by evil powers and evil people. This world is not the friend of grace nor of God. Not only is sin around us, but sin is within us. The Christian life is a race to be run (Heb. 12:l), a battle to be fought (l Tim. 6:12; 2 Tim. 4: 7) and a conflict that will not be over until we die. We need help and strength to stand up against all of the deceit and strategies of Satan, who is the, great enemy of Christ and his people. God has provided an armour for his people and weapons to be used against Satan, sin and error.

v. 12. We are not contending against physical opponents. Frail, mortal men are not our real enemies. Our battle is against wicked spirits, who inhabit the supernatural sphere and who deal in lies, pride, idolatry, covetousness, lust, deceit, self-righteousness and all manner of sin against God.

v. 13. 'Take upon yourselves the complete armour that God has provided for you, that you may be able to resist these evils and stand during every trial, conflict and temptation and having met every demand to continue to stand firmly in Christ.' The battle is not against the flesh; therefore, the armour and weapons which God provides are not carnal but spiritual (2 Cor. 10:3-5).

vv. 14-18. The parts of this armour are given in these verses.

1. 'Your loins girt about with truth. Wrap about you (as a strong girdle) the gospel of God's redemptive glory in and through Christ Jesus' (1 Peter 1:13). This is the first part of the armour mentioned, for it is the most important and the foundation of all the rest. The truth about God, myself and my race and Christ and his redemptive work keeps me close to God and defends me against all evil suggestions of Satan which lead to a false hope.

2. 'The breastplate of righteousness.' This breastplate of integrity, right standing before God and holiness cannot be works of righteousness and moral integrity done and produced by me, for Satan could easily find a defect in that breastplate and destroy me. But this is the righteousness of Christ, my Lord. His perfect righteousness imputed to me and received by faith repels any accusation or charge which Satan can bring (Rom. 8:33, 34).

3. 'Your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace.' Several things could be taught here: a firm-footed stability or foundation in the gospel of peace; a godly walk that is agreeable to the gospel of peace; a readiness to go forth into the highways and hedges declaring the good news of peace through Christ.

4. 'Take the shield of faith.' Satan hurls darts of doubt, fear, depression, weariness and all manner of questions regarding our spiritual state. We can only be shielded against these fiery darts by faith in God's word (Rom. 4:20, 21), faith in God's purpose (Rom. 8:29, 30) and faith in Christ's redeeming work (Rom. 8:34-39).

5. 'Take the helmet of salvation.' The helmet is a piece of armour for the head and protects the head against false doctrines. This helmet is the hope of salvation in Christ alone -- the salvation of which Christ is the author and the finisher (1 Thess. 5:8, 9; 1 Cor. 1:30).

6. 'The sword of the spirit, which is the word of God.' The word of God is compared to a sword in that it has two edges -- the law and the gospel (Heb. 4:12). It is all edge; it has no blunt side. One cannot come near the word without its having some effect. It convicts of sin, cutting away the righteousness of men; it kills pride, envy, lusts and all sin; it reaches the hidden and secret parts; it is the weapon God uses to defeat all his enemies (Luke 4: 3-12).

7. 'Praying.' The last weapon is prayer and includes all sorts of prayer -- mental, vocal, private and public. We should live in an attitude of prayer continually. Our prayers must and will be in the spirit, by the assistance of the Spirit of God, with a sincere heart for all believers. We will persevere in prayer regardless of the suggestions of Satan or our own weak hearts.

v. 19. Pray for the ministers of the gospel, that God will not only open effectual doors for them to preach, but that he will give them boldness and wisdom to preach the gospel of Christ (which is a mystery only understood as the Holy Spirit reveals it -- 1 Cor. 2:8-10; Rom. 10:13-17).

v. 20. Paul called himself an ambassador of Christ (2 Cor. 5:19, 20). He was at that time in prison.

vv. 21, 22. Tychicus was a beloved brother, who accompanied Paul on his travels, whom Paul sent to the Ephesians to relate to them Paul's affairs and to encourage them in the gospel.

vv. 23, 24. The epistle is concluded with the apostle's salutation. Those saluted are the brethren who love Christ sincerely. He wishes for them peace, love, faith and grace.