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2 Timothy

A

Bible Class Commentary

by

Henry T. Mahan

1

Stir up the gift of God

2 Timothy 1:1-7

This epistle, addressed to Timothy, was written by Paul when he was a prisoner at Rome. It appears that it was written a short time before his death, although some believe that Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon came later, since it appears that Timothy did come to him at Rome and is joined with him in those epistles. The design of the letter is to stir up Timothy to the faithful discharge of his ministry, to encourage him to suffer patiently, and to warn him against false teachers who had already risen and would afterward arise.

v. 1. 'Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ.' This epistle, like all others, is not intended for Timothy alone, but for all believers. Timothy knew that Paul was an apostle. But for the sake of others who would read these words, Paul lays claim to the authority which belonged to his special office.

'By the will of God' an apostle, not by the will of men, nor by his own will, nor was it owing to any personal merit, but God separated Paul to this office by his own will and purpose (Eph. 1:11-12; Acts 9:15; Luke 7:13).

'According to the promise of life.' God, from the beginning, promised life in Christ; so now he appointed the apostle and other ministers to proclaim that promise and to bring men to Christ, that in him they may have life (1 John 5:ii-12).

v. 2. Timothy was not Paul's natural son; but because of his youth, because Paul was his teacher in the doctrines of the gospel, because Paul had great affection for him, and because the apostles often referred to believers as their children (Gal. 4:19; 1 John 2:1; 3 John 4), Paul calls Timothy his beloved son and desires for him grace, mercy, and peace from the Lord.

v. 3. I serve and worship the Lord God in the spirit of my forefathers (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob), or, as they did, with a clear conscience. Paul was not claiming to be without sin nor to having a conscience always pure; but being sprinkled and purged by the blood of Christ, he was without sin before God. And loving Christ, seeking only his glory, preaching truth in sincerity for the eternal good of his hearers (not for personal gain and honor), his conscience was clear before men (Heb. 10:22; Rom. 9:1-2).

I give thanks to God that I am ever mindful of you, that God has laid you on my heart at all times to pray for you. This is a good sign, both for Paul and for Timothy; for Timothy in that God must have his special grace on him, and for Paul in that prayer for others is a mark of grace in his soul. Men of God are always men of prayer! When Paul thought of Timothy, he gave thanks for him and prayed for him. Both are marks of real friendship (1 Sam. 12:23; Phil. 4:6; 1 Thess. 5:17-18).

vv. 4-5. When Paul left Timothy at Ephesus (because of the work he had to do), there was great sadness and many tears (Acts 20:36-38). But now Timothy had served that purpose and Paul desired him to come to Rome, for he needed him there; and the sight of Timothy would fill him with great joy.

I remember the genuine and sincere faith that is in you, which was also in your mother, Eunice. This was rich family mercy, deserving special notice and thanksgiving that God should be so gracious to the house of Timothy. Paul designs it as an encouragement to stir up Timothy to the exercise of that grace and gift of faith (2 Sam. 7:18).

v. 6. This is why I would remind you (for this cause I advise you) to exercise your gifts, fan the flame, and keep burning the gift of God given to you for the ministry of the word when God instructed me to lay hands upon you. The more abundantly we have received the grace of God, the more attentive we ought to be to exercising it and making progress day by day. In family mercies, in personal faith, and in godly gifts Timothy was abundantly blessed. 'To whom much is given, much is required.'

v. 7. 'For God has not given us a spirit of fear, cowardliness, and timidity to perform our work and office in a cold, lifeless, and indifferent manner! We do not fear men; we do not fear persecution; we do not fear failure; we do not fear devils. But God has given his ministers the power of the Spirit (Luke 24:47-49) to do the work of God (Zech. 4:6). He has given the spirit of love for God, Christ, his church, and all men; and those who have it seek not their own welfare and ease, but rather the glory of Christ and the good of souls. He has given us a sound mind or self-discipline (self-control) which results in prudent conduct and behavior under all circumstances. Being of a sound mind, conviction, and principles, the believer will stand fast in the faith of Christ.

2

His purpose and grace in Christ

2 Timothy 1:8-11

v. 8. 'Do not be ashamed of the gospel.' It is the testimony concerning out Lord Jesus -- his person, his offices, his righteousness, his suffering for our sins, his resurrection, his intercession and his return. No preacher nor anyone who professes Christ has any reason to be ashamed before this evil world, of a gospel so great, so glorious, so true and so useful (Rom. 1:16; Luke 9:26).

'Nor of me his prisoner.' Paul did not consider himself a prisoner of Rome, for he had committed no crime nor broken any law, and he knew that men had no power over him, nor could they hold him any longer than his Lord willed. He was a prisoner at Rome for the sake of Christ on account of professing his name and preaching his gospel! He had no reason to be ashamed himself, and none of his friends should be ashamed of him. He was setting a noble example.

Timothy should prepare himself to endure those afflictions which come upon men for preaching and professing the gospel. The gospel of Christ is the gospel of peace; yet, thought the depravity of men, it brings trouble, division and persecution. The man who shrinks from the offence of the cross will always be ashamed of the gospel.

The power and grace of God will support us in trouble and affliction. If we are called to endure anything for the gospel, our Lord will be our Deliverer. His grace is sufficient.

v. 9. How can we be ashamed of him who has saved us with an eternal salvation, who has called us by his Holy Spirit into his righteousness and to a participation of all his grace, who redeemed us and made us his children, not according to our works (at any time, either before or after our calling), but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ before the foundation of the world? The Lord God chose us in Christ, gave his beloved Son to redeem us, would not leave us in our sins, but called us to himself, accepting us in the Beloved and keeping us by his power. To be ashamed of him and his gospel would be unthinkable. To prefer the praise and comforts of the world to the praise and glory of such a gracious Lord would reveal an unregenerate heart (Rom. 8:18). Note the sovereignty of God in our redemption: he saved us! He called us! His purpose was fulfilled in our calling! His grace provided the way! All of this was freely 'given' (not earned) 'in Christ' before the world began (2 Thess. 2:13; Eph. 1:3, 4).

v. 10. Salvation is in Christ. Since the beginning the grace, gifts, mercy and love of God for the elect have all been in Christ. First it lay hid in the heart and counsel of God, then it was revealed in the promises and prophecies, then in the types, shadows and sacrifices of the law. But now it is made manifest in the freeness and clearness of it by the appearance of Christ as our Redeemer in human flesh (Gal. 4:4, 5). Were the Old Testament believers ignorant of this grace in Christ? Certainly not! (John 5:46; 8:56; Luke 24:44; Acts 10:43). Abraham and others placed their confidence in his appearance (Heb. 9:26-28).

'Christ has destroyed death.'

1. He has destroyed the law of sin and death, which is the cause of death.

2. He has destroyed Satan, who has the power of death.

3. He has taken away the sting of death for his people, and that is sin.

4. He has abolished the second death, so that it has no power over us.

'He has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel.' Christ was the first who rose again from the dead to an immortal life. Immortal life was brought to light (or understanding) by him. The doctrine of the resurrection was known by the Old Testament believers (Job 19:25-27), but not as clearly as it is now revealed in the gospel (1 Thess. 4:13-16; 1 John 3:2, 3), or as fully as it is revealed in the resurrection of our Lord.

v. 11. 'I am appointed a preacher (of this gospel) (Acts 9:15); 13:2), an apostle of Jesus Christ, and a teacher of the Gentiles.' His chief work was among the Gentiles (1 Tim. 2:7).

3

Hold fast the pattern of sound doctrine

2 Timothy 1:12-18

v. 12. This is why I am suffering as I do. Hated, beaten, imprisoned, and called a mad-man, Paul preached the gospel of Christ; and he preached it to the Gentiles as well as to the Jews! The Gentiles were stirred up against him for introducing a new religion among them to the destruction of their idolatry. The Jews were angry because he preached salvation, righteousness, and resurrection in Christ, making vain their ceremonies, self-righteousness, and traditions. 'Nevertheless I am not ashamed.'

Here is a definition of the faith that saves -- knowledge, confidence, and committal!

1. 'I know whom I have believed.' A spiritual knowledge of Christ is necessary to faith in him (Rom. 10:13-14). Those who know Christ (who he is, what he did, why he did it, where he is now) believe in him; and the more they know him, the more strongly do they believe.

2. 'I am persuaded he is able.' Confidence in the Saviour's willingness to save and power to save is necessary to faith (Rom. 4:20-21; Heb. 7:25; Jude 24).

3. 'I have committed unto him.' Where there has been no genuine and complete committal of all things to Christ, there is no true saving faith. One cannot separate faith and conduct. Committal to Christ involves our trusting him, casting ourselves upon him, and leaving ourselves totally in his hands to save, sanctify, and glorify (1 Cor. 1:30).

v. 13. Paul knew how ready men are to depart from pure doctrine and the gospel of God's glory and grace, so he exhorts Timothy to hold fast both in head and heart to the wholesome words and truth of the Lord Jesus Christ. The word 'form' is the 'pattern' set by Paul and the other apostles. Preach the unsearchable riches of Christ (imputed righteousness, repentance toward God, and faith in Christ) as you have heard me preach it (Acts 20:20; Rom. 8:29-34).

Hold the truth of Christ 'in faith and love.' These are the marks of sound doctrine, and he places them both in Christ. In the exercise of faith from a principle of love, these two graces always go together and have Christ as their object. No man can persevere in sound doctrine unless he is endued with true faith and genuine love.

v. 14. Guard and keep with the greatest care the precious and excellent gospel (which has been entrusted to you) by the help of the Holy Spirit who dwells in you (1 Tim. 1:11; 6:20). The gospel is a treasure indeed. It contains the riches of grace, the unsearchable riches of Christ, and is a trust requiring faithfulness in those who are stewards of it, who shall give an account of their stewardship (1 Peter 4:10; Heb. 13:17). It must be kept pure and free from traditions and mixtures of men. Whereas the apostle knew that neither Timothy nor any other man is sufficient for these things, he directs the keeping of it to the power and leadership of the Holy Spirit who dwells in all believers.

v. 15. Timothy, being at Ephesus, which was in Asia, was well aware of the apostasy and departure from the gospel in that area (2 Tim. 4:11). We are grieved by apostasy, but not discouraged; rather, seeing so many depart from the faith, we are more determined to hold fast the gospel of substitution and keep the treasure committed to us. Evidently Phygellus and Hermogenes were ministers of the word who had shone for a while but erred from the faith and deceived the people.

vv. 16-17. The apostle prays for his friend, Onesiphorus, and for his household. I believe that we can infer that the blessings of the Lord rest not only on a devoted servant of Christ, but also on his household. The love of Christ for a faithful believer is so great that it diffuses itself over all who are connected with him. Onesiphorus was not ashamed of Paul's chains and sufferings for Christ. He not only identified himself with the afflicted apostle, but visited him and supplied him with the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and money.

v. 18. 'Mercy of the Lord in that day.' Too many are interested in a return on their works of charity and their investments right now, in this life. This prayer deals with the real blessings of God toward true believers -- the mercy of the Lord in that day. How much richer a reward awaits those who, without the expectation of earthly reward from the hand of men, are kind to the people of God, constrained only by the love of Christ! Nothing can compare with the mercy of the Lord in that day (Rom. 8:16-18).

4

Endure hardships as a good soldier

2 Timothy 2:1-7

v. 1. 'My son' indicates the close relationship between these two servants of Christ and expresses the deep affection Paul had for Timothy. We are members of his family, and we love one another. 'Be strong,' inwardly and outwardly, in the grace of Christ. Be rooted and grounded in it, have a full persuasion of your interest in it, preach it boldly, and defend it bravely. Oppose every error and false teacher. Grace comes from Christ alone; it is to be found only in him; and what he gives in his Son, he will maintain and strengthen by his Spirit. The flesh is sluggish, and we must frequently be aroused and encouraged (Heb. 3:13; 10:24-25).

v. 2. The things Timothy had heard from Paul were the doctrines of the gospel, the mysteries of the grace of God, the walk and works of faith, and justification by faith alone apart from works of the law. This was not Paul's theology and teaching ALONE, but was confirmed by many witnesses -- Moses and the prophets, Christ Jesus our Lord and Saviour, and all the other apostles and witnesses of his grace and glory (Acts 10:43; 1 John 1:1-3).

'Commit this gospel to competent, capable, and faithful men,' men who are not only believers in Christ and have received the grace of God into their hearts, but men who will preach it boldly, declare the whole counsel of God, and will not be turned aside by covetousness, fear, nor the praise of men. If future generations are to hear the gospel, we must pass the torch on to faithful young men who will continue the ministry of the gospel.

v. 3. It is certain that those who believe and preach the gospel of God's grace shall suffer persecution, trial, and affliction for the sake of the gospel (John 16:33; 15:18-20; 2 Tim. 3:12-14). Christ is our Captain and we are his warriors, engaged in the warfare against the forces of evil! We must expect to be attacked by the enemy and put to a stern test by our adversaries. These hardships and trials are to be borne patiently and courageously for the glory of our Lord.

v. 4. This verse is applicable to every believer. As soon as a soldier enrolls himself under a general, he leaves his affairs and thinks of nothing but war. The war is first and foremost; and the soldier must relinquish all hindrances, alliances, and employments of the world that would interfere with his devotion to his general and the victory of his cause. But the main reference is to ministers of the gospel, who are gospel preachers and are not to be involved and implicated in worldly affairs, politics, secular businesses and cares (1 Cur. 9:13-14; 2:2). Our chief concern is pleasing Christ, making Christ known, and honoring Christ.

v. 5. If a man competes in a sporting event such as running, jumping, or wrestling, he is not acclaimed a winner unless he competes according to the rules and finishes the required distance or time set. Even so, no man who calls himself a Christian or a minister can expect the crown of life unless he runs the race set before him according to the word of God, looking to Christ alone, pressing through all hardships and barriers to the end of the race (Heb. 3:6; 12:1-2).

v. 6. To interpret this verse correctly, we must examine and stay with the context. The farmer does not gather fruits until he has first plowed, sowed the seed, and labored in the field. 'The farmer must labor before of the fruits partaking' is the better translation. As laborers together with Christ, we must be faithful in the preaching of the gospel, witnessing, enduring hardships and trials; and that to the end if we are to sit down in the kingdom of heaven, take our rest, and enjoy the crown of glory. All three of these illustrations (soldier, athlete, farmer) are encouraging us to faithfulness, devotion, consecration, and perseverance in the gospel of our Lord Jesus.

v. 7. 'Consider what I say.' Be strong in the grace of Christ, commit the truth of the gospel to faithful men, endure trials and hardship as a good soldier of Christ, persevere in the ministry according to the rules and word of God as a soldier, runner, and farmer. May the Lord give you an understanding of these things. No man has understanding of the mysteries of grace in himself; this is the gift of God (1 Cor. 2:7-10).

5

Persecution for Christ's sake

2 Timothy 2:8-14

v. 8. Paul had exhorted Timothy to hold fast the pattern of sound words, to be strong in the gospel of grace, to endure hardness as a good soldier, and to commit the truth to faithful men who shall be able to teach others. In this verse he especially mentions that part of his doctrine which was under heavy attack from Satan -- that Jesus Christ was born of the seed of David and arose from the dead (1 Cor. 15:12-19). Christ our God really came to earth in the flesh, was truly man, was truly the Messiah, and died on the cross for our sins. He arose from the dead, which not only implies that he died but that his sin-offering and sacrifice was accepted by the Father, who raised him and exalted him to his right hand, where he is our Mediator. This is the fundamental truth of greatest importance to our faith, which Satan and his ministers seek to discredit (Acts 4:1-3; 17:18; 17:32; 23:6; 24:14-15). Paul calls it 'my gospel' because he was saved by it, entrusted with it, committed to it, and distinguishes it from the gospel of the false teachers.

v. 9. For the sake of that gospel I am suffering afflictions, put in prison, and even wearing chains like a common criminal (2 Cor. 11:23-28); but the word of God is not chained nor imprisoned. Men may be fettered and bound for the sake of the gospel, but persecution becomes the means for spreading the gospel (Phil. 1:12-13) and encouraging others to preach it (Acts 8:1-4). When men try to extinguish the light of the gospel, it burns more brightly!

v. 10. There is an elect people, chosen by God and given to Christ (John 6: 37-39; 17:2, 9), for whom Christ suffered and died. It is on their account that the gospel is sent, preached, and published in this world (John 10:24-28; Rom. 10:13-14). For the sake of God's elect, ministers are called and qualified; so, whatever suffering, afflictions, or reproach these ministers are called upon to bear, they do so cheerfully if it promotes the salvation of the Lord's church. We will go to jail to preach to a jailer, or to the hospital to preach to a patient, or to a leper colony to call one of his own. Our goal is the salvation and eternal glory of Christ and his church, so whatever we endure here is nothing (Rom. 8:18).

v. 11. 'It is a faithful saying.' Paul uses this phrase frequently in matters of great importance and when what he is about to say is opposite to the feelings of the flesh. Nothing is more opposite to the thoughts of men or the feelings of the flesh than that we must die in order to live or that life in the Spirit demands death in the flesh. It is true that when Christ died, we died with him as our representative and we are alive to God forevermore. But there is a daily dying to this world, to our flesh, to those things which interrupt our fellowship and communion with him, and a willingness to even lay down our lives for the gospel (2 Cor. 4:7-11). As far as this world, its glories, its relationships, and its advantages are concerned, we are dead men (Gal. 6:14).

v. 12. If we really love Christ, are called by his grace, and are partakers of his blessings, we shall also be called upon to endure reproach, loss of friends, persecution, and maybe even death (John 16:33; 15:18-21; 2 Tim. 3:12). But those who are faithful in the gospel shall enjoy gospel benefits (Matt. 10:40-42; 19:29). However, if we recant, disown, and deny Christ out of the fear of men, or to win the favor of men, or to avoid persecution for the sake of the word, Christ shall disown and deny us (Luke 9:26; Matt. 13:20-21).

v. 13. Most writers agree that the meaning is that our unbelief and denial of Christ takes nothing from the Son of God nor from his glory; he stands in no need of our confession. Let those deny Christ who will; he remains unchanged. Christ is not like men who are as changeable as the wind. He will abide faithful to his covenant, to his word of promise, and to his word of threatenings (Mark 16:15-16). He cannot go contrary to his word nor his nature; for that would be to deny himself, which is not possible. Mr. Gill suggests that he may be speaking of believers whose faith is sometimes quite low, but Christ is faithful to his covenant engagements for them and will not suffer them to finally fall away. He is ever the same to them in love, mercy, and grace.

v. 14. Tell the people of God these things which I have showed to you; and charge them in the presence of God that they avoid controversy over words of no profit (useless debates over doubtful subjects) which does no good but upsets and undermines the faith of the hearers.

6

Rightly dividing the word of truth

2 Timothy 2:15-19

v. 15. Those who study the word to please men, to boast of their knowledge of theology and Bible mysteries or to win the applause of men are not the servants of Christ! Sometimes those who are approved of by men are disapproved of by God. There is nothing that will check a foolish eagerness for man's approval and a personal display of so-called knowledge more than remembering that we must give an account to God alone (Heb. 13:17; 2 Cor. 5:9). Therefore, we study, labour, preach and declare the gospel as in the sight of God, seeking only his approval!

The study and ministry of the word is a work that requires diligence, application and sincerity, and for which no man is sufficient without the grace of God. Those who are employed in it are laborers together with God and are worthy of respect and honour. If they are faithful, bold and diligent in their study and ministry, they need not be ashamed, either before men or their Master. Those who play at preaching and are covetous of honour, applause and possessions should be ashamed now and will be in that day!

'Rightly dividing the word of truth' is rightly handling, skillfully teaching and correctly interpreting the Scriptures in their relation to other Scriptures (concerning Christ, his person and work, the law and the gospel) and being able to give both milk and meat to feed the babes, the young men and the elders (2 Peter 1:20, 21; Acts 10:43; Luke 24:44, 45; Acts 20:20, 27; 1 Cor. 3:2).

v. 16. 'Be diligent in imparting to your hearers solid instructions, doctrines and teaching. Aim at edifying, not entertaining!' We are not to amaze and amuse men, but to instruct them in the things of Christ. Therefore, avoid vain, empty, useless rambling, empty talk and speculation. Those who are not content with the simplicity of the gospel turn it into profane philosophy, aiming at applause rather than the profit of the church (1 Cor. 2:1-5; 1:17-24). We do not need novelties of words, high-sounding phrases and modern criticisms; these only lead men into more ungodliness. We need the word of our Lord preached as it is to men as they are!

v. 17. Paul compares the errors and heresies of false teachers to gangrene. If it is not cut out, it will spread to all of the adjoining parts until it destroys the man. These false teachers and their errors are to be opposed and those infected with them are to be cut off lest they corrupt the whole church.

v. 18. These two persons fell from the truth and went astray claiming that there was no future resurrection of the dead. Some think that they taught that there is no resurrection except spiritual resurrection or regeneration. Some think that they taught that parents live again in their children, whatever they taught, it was contrary to the Scriptures and undermined the faith of some. These errors must be rooted up and out! (Titus 1:13, 14; 1 Tim. 1:19, 20; 4:16.)

v. 19. We know too well (by experience) how much trouble and scandal is produced by the apostasy and falling away of those who at one time professed faith in Christ. This is especially true in the case of those who were preachers, elders, and leaders in the church. A man or woman who has been regarded as a pillar in the church cannot depart from the gospel without involving others in his or her ruin, especially the weak. 'Nevertheless,' there is no reason why believers should lose heart and be over-disturbed, although they see people fall whom they thought to be strong.

'The foundation of God standeth sure.' That faith (which is the faith of God's elect) is the operation of God, is the gift of his grace, has Christ as its author, finisher and object and is firm and immovable as a foundation laid by God! It stands sure, being supported by the power of God and the intercession of Christ, and cannot be overthrown by Satan, false teachers or trials of life (Rom. 8:28-31, 38, 39).

The seal or stamp put on the elect of God is 'The Lord knows them.' He chose them, wrote their names in his book and will never suffer them to perish (Phil. 4:3; 1:6; John 28; 6:37-39). 'Let everyone who loves and calls upon the name of Christ in sincerity depart from iniquity' -- both doctrinal and practical iniquity. We have a gospel to believe, preach and adorn. We have a beloved Master to love, trust and glorify in our attitude, actions and words. To call on his name is also to be called by his name as a woman is married to a man and is called by his name!

7

A good minister of Christ Jesus

2 Timothy 2:20-26

v. 20. It grieves every believer to see those who have made a profession of faith in Christ, who put on a show of piety and zeal, who even preached and taught the word to fall away from grace, the gospel, and the fellowship of the saints, However, Paul's object is to show that we ought not be amazed, unduly disturbed, nor think it strange that tares are mixed with wheat, dead branches are on every tree, and hypocrites are present in the church.

In a palace there are pieces of furniture and articles which serve noble purposes and others which serve baser and sordid purposes. There are vessels of beauty, and there are vessels of clay and wood which have no beauty. In the church there are men and women in whom the beauty and glory of Christ are seen. There are also some who do not reflect the grace of Christ but rather bring shame and reproach upon him and the church.

v. 21. If a man stays away from the company, the heresies, the errors, and the influences of these dishonorable vessels, he can be an honorable and useful vessel, set apart by God, filled with the spirit of grace, truth, and love, useful to the Master for witnessing, teaching, and helping others in the household of faith. But evil communication and companions corrupt good manners. Association and fellowship with unregenerate, murmuring, indifferent, troublemakers in the church have a corrupting influence (Rom. 16-17, 18).

v. 22. 'Flee youthful lusts.' It is true that Timothy and all young people must and will avoid the lusts of uncleanness, lasciviousness, and worldliness; but staying with the subject and context, this is not Paul's meaning. He is speaking of such lusts as are apt to entice young ministers and leaders; such as vain glory, popular applause, seeking and having pre-eminence, and becoming involved in disputes, debates, and divisions. If some debate arises, problem is presented, or contention appears, young men more quickly grow heated, are more easily irritated, and blunder through lack of experience; they are given to rashness. Flee this!

Follow after conformity to the will of God and exhibit faith, love, and peace with all of the believers who call on the name of the Lord in sincerity and truth. There are enough disturbers of the church from outside without having strife and division from within!

v. 23. Foolish and ignorant controversies over matters that do not edify the church and are not clearly resolved by the word of God are to be avoided. These speculations and arguments over secret mysteries, silly trifles, and unprofitable traditions only serve to foster strife and breed quarrels.

v. 24. The servant of the Lord, especially the minister of the word, ought not to strive and contend about words to no profit! He ought to strive for the faith of the gospel. To be quarrelsome and contentious over mere words, customs, and doctrines to show his intelligence, mastery, and piety is to defeat the very purpose of his office. He is to be kind, mild-tempered, and gentle to all men, preserving the bond of peace. He must be a skilled and suitable teacher, patient, and willing to bear reproach (2 Cor. 2:15-17; 3:5-7).

v. 25. Let the minister learn to correct with courtesy and gentleness those who oppose the word of God, and in turn oppose 'themselves;' for any man who opposes truth does so to his own ruin and unhappiness. We must be firm in the truth, yet tender in the spirit with our opponents in the hope that God will grant to them repentance and an understanding of the word. Don't build a wall so high between you and an opponent that he is prevented from repenting and returning without embarrassment and humiliation. It is only by God's grace that we stand.

v. 26. Our desire and objective in ministering the truth is that men might 'come to themselves' as the prodigal, that they might 'awake out of the sleep of death' and be restored to 'their right mind.' Rebels are like drunken men, intoxicated with error and taken captive by Satan to do his will. Only the Son can make us free. Let us pray for those who will not pray themselves (Rom. 10:1).

8

Perilous times for the church

2 Timothy 3:1-5

v. 1. When the apostle speaks of 'the last days,' he means the days following the coming of Christ. We have the days from Adam to Moses, from Moses (under the law) to Christ, and from Christ's coming to the end of the world, called 'the last days.' Some mistakenly believed that these days would be a time of peace, holiness, and obedience to God and his word, especially in the churches and among those who claimed to know Christ. But Paul warns Timothy and all true believers to expect perilous, hard, and difficult times, not by reason of outward calamities, scarcity of food, and dangers from the sword, but by reason of the wickedness of men who profess religion! The pastors and people of God will have to contend with legalists, false teachers, hucksters, and evil and profane men and women in the churches. This situation already prevailed during the days of the apostles and has continued, growing worse, to this day (2 Tim. 1:15; 4:10-11, 14-16).

v. 2-4. He gives a description of the hypocrites, formal professors, and false preachers that would arise during these last days.

1. 'Lovers of their own selves.' This is put first because all error and vices flow from self-love. He who loves himself does not love Christ, despises others, has no concern for the glory of God nor the good of others. Self-love promotes free-will, human merit, and seeks honor and applause.

2. 'Covetous.' lovers of money, looking for personal gain and recognition in all that they do. They are not content with the providence of God nor with what they have nor with where they are (Heb. 13:5).

3. 'Boasters.' These people brag of their honor, wealth, gifts, numbers, and righteousness. They are like the Pharisee of old who thanked God that he was not like other men (1 Cor. 4:7).

4. 'Proud.' Nothing is more offensive in the sight of God than pride in the creature (Prov. 6:17; James 4:6). Someone said, 'There is pride of RACE, pride of PLACE, and pride of FACE;' but perhaps the most offensive of all is pride of GRACE.

5. 'Blasphemers.' This has to do with thoughts and words regarding the Father, his beloved Son, and the Holy Spirit, to whom all glory, worship, reverence, and praise is due, in whom we live, move, and have our being (both natural and spiritual), and by whom we are redeemed, kept, and made heirs of eternal life. Any thought or word that renders to him any less than full glory is blasphemy.

6. 'Disobedient to parents.' These are those who despise authority, whether in parents, magistrates, pastors, employers, or whatever authority God has ordained.

7. 'Unthankful.' to God for what is enjoyed by them and unthankful to men, ascribing all to themselves and their own merit (Eph. 5:20; 1 Thess. 5:18).

8. 'Unholy.' Without fear of God nor regard for his word nor concern for the testimony of the gospel, they live and walk in the indulgences of the flesh both inwardly and outwardly.

9. 'Without natural affection.' to husbands, wives, children, parents, and friends. Also leaving the natural use of men and women (Rom. 1:26-27).

10. 'Trucebreakers.' or covenant breakers, loosing the marriage bond, making void contracts, agreements, and promises both to God and men.

11. 'False accusers' -- slanderers of character, careless gossipers and talebearers (1 Tim. 5:19).

12. 'Incontinent' -- not able to restrain fleshly appetites, tempers, passions, and desires even for the glory of God, intemperate in eating and drinking, indulging themselves without restraint.

13. 'Fierce' -- unkind and hateful like cornered beasts striking out at all in reach, wounding and bent on vengeance.

14. 'Despisers of those that are good.' Hypocrites hate true believers as the Pharisees hated Christ. The gospel of grace and Christ's righteousness condemn their claims and bring out their malice (1 John 3:11-13).

15. 'traitors.' They will betray secrets of others (words spoken to them in confidence) to preserve themselves or to gain in some way.

16. 'Heady, highminded' -- puffed and swelled up with a vain conceit of their own intelligence, accomplishments, and abilities (1 Cor. 3:7; 2 Cor. 12:11).

17. 'Lovers of pleasure more than lovers of God.' This comes back to the first word (lovers of self, pleasure, sin, applause, worldly honor, and making a god of their bellies) and not loving the Lord Jesus Christ. Love for him puts all things in their proper place!

v. 5. They have an external show of religion, pretending great holiness, zeal, and concern for the salvation of men and the kingdom of God, vet in reality they deny the very heart of true faith -- the power of it! They profess the Scriptures to be the word of God but deny the power of the word to quicken, to beget life, and to give faith. They profess to believe Christ but deny the power and efficacy of his righteousness, his sacrifice, and his intercession. They talk of the Holy Spirit but deny his power to regenerate, to sanctify, to convince of sin, and to teach. They profess to believe the GOSPEL but deny the power of the gospel to save, to justify, to make men new creatures in Christ, and to fully satisfy every need through and by Christ.

9

False teachers described and denounced

2 Timothy 3:6-11

v. 6. The false teachers described in the verses above work after the manner of their father, Satan. As Satan attacked the woman and not the man (the subtle tempter beguiled Eve and not Adam), so these, his instruments, work themselves into the affection of the weaker vessel (1 Tim. 2:14). Every cult, sect and free-will Arminian denomination or church is dominated by women -- silly, easily influenced women who like to be told that they are religious, holy and righteous! They reject the gospel of God's free grace and mercy for sinners in Christ, for they are full of the sins of self-righteousness and are led forth by a lust for new teachers, new doctrines and new heights of personal glory. The exaltation of Mary and the effeminate influence of Catholicism has led women to think that they are morally good and that men are bad! (Rom. 3:10:19.)

v. 7. Both the teachers and the captives of their humanistic religions are always learning driven by restless minds and curiosity, but never able to come to a knowledge of the truth in Christ. They learn about missions, prophecy, heaven, standards of morality and gifts of the Spirit, but never 'how God can be just and justify the ungodly'. They reform, but never repent; they pray, but never plead for mercy; they testify, but never turn to Christ; they boast of their faithfulness to religion, but never bow to the lordship of Christ. Without apology, I declare that where women reign in religion, they ruin! (1 Tim. 2:12; 1 Cor. 14:34.)

v. 8. We need not be surprised when adversaries rise up against our Lord to oppose his gospel of grace. Moses likewise had those who opposed him when he went to Egypt to deliver Israel. (Jannes and Jambres were the magicians put forward by Pharaoh.) Satan will use any vessel, any trick and any method to discredit the gospel. False teachers have corrupt minds with neither the glory of God nor the good of men as their goal, but are counterfeits and have no understanding of the doctrines of saving faith!

v. 9. The false teachers, hen may wax worse and worse in error; they may proceed to more ungodliness and deceive many, but they shall not deceive the elect (Mark 13:22, 23). They shall proceed no further than the magicians in Egypt. Though they did lying wonders, deceived the Egyptians and caused Pharaoh to harden his heart, Israel was delivered! The folly of an followers of false religions shall someday become obvious to everyone, as was that of the magicians. The destruction at the Red Sea glorified God's salvation, but it also revealed the folly of an who opposed him!

v. 10. What follows in this verse and the next is said in opposition to the preaching, practice and principles of these false teachers. Timothy was not ignorant of Paul's doctrine; he received it from God, it was the doctrine of Christ, of the Scriptures, and was preached by the other apostles. Timothy knew Paul's manner of life: he spent his time in labour (often with his own hands), his conduct was above reproach and he was fully separated to the gospel of Christ. Timothy knew Paul's purpose: it was open and manifest, not to obtain glory, applause or possessions, but that Christ might be magnified in his life and his death, and that men might be saved for the glory of God (Rom. 9:1-3; 10:1). Timothy knew Paul's faith, either his faith in Christ or his faithfulness in the discharge of his ministry. Timothy knew Paul's long-suffering, both towards the Jews who were open enemies and persecutors of the gospel and towards the weak brethren in the church whose infirmities he bore! Timothy knew Paul's charity, including his love to God, to Christ and to men (1 Cor. 13:1-7). Timothy knew Paul's patience, in bearing all indignities, reproaches and persecutions for the sake of Christ and his gospel. Paul was not moved by these but persevered with courage and boldness.

v. 11. These incidents mentioned were not all of the afflictions and persecutions endured by Paul for preaching the gospel of Christ, but they took place in those areas where Timothy lived. He knew about them and heard about them from faithful witnesses. To the glory of God and for the encouragement of Timothy, Paul says, 'God delivered me out of them all' (2 Cor. 1:10, 11; 2 Tim. 4:17, 18).

10

The Holy Scriptures

2 Timothy 3:12-17

v. 12. In the preceding verse Paul speaks of the suffering, afflictions, and persecutions he had endured for preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ; and he adds, 'All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.' There are no exceptions.

Satan, the world, and especially unsaved religionists hate the gospel of free grace and justification by faith alone. Going about to establish a righteousness of their own, they are opposed to the imputed righteousness of Christ and count as their enemies all who preach and believe it. Those who wish to be exempt from persecution must necessarily denounce Christ (John 15:18-21). All believers shall not be martyrs; but it is absolutely unavoidable that as soon as a true knowledge of grace and a zeal for the person and work of Christ is manifested by a believer, it kindles the rage of Satan and ungodly men. By persecution, slander, murmuring, or some other method, trial will come!

v. 13. By 'evil men' are meant not openly profane sinners of the world nor wicked men in general, but wicked men under a form of godliness (in the pulpit and the pew) who are bent on seducing and deceiving others to follow their false doctrine and gospel of works (Matt. 23:15; 24:11, 24). In the last days these religious hucksters and jugglers of truth shall wax worse and worse, deceiving many and being further deceived themselves (2 Thess. 2:8-12). It is not because error is stronger than truth nor because Satan is more powerful than the Spirit of God, but because natural men are more inclined to embrace error and will embrace that which agrees with their carnal nature (John 5:42-44).

v. 14. Although wickedness prevails, false doctrine abounds, and the enemies of Christ rise up in religious circles, you continue in the doctrines of Christ, which you have learned and have been convinced of by the word of God. You know that what you have received was not of men, but the gospel of grace has God as its author. We dare not adopt all that is taught nor defend indiscriminately all we hear, but only that which is according to the Scriptures.

v. 15. From your childhood you have been taught the Scriptures. The Jews very early taught their children the Scriptures (2 Tim. 1:5). Men are not wise of themselves but are without understanding of spiritual things (1 Cor. 2:14). The Scriptures are able to make men wise and knowing in this respect, for they testify of Christ (John 5:39). The Holy Spirit uses the word of God to convince of sin, to reveal Christ's person and work, and to beget life and faith in the sinner (Rom. 10:17; 1 Peter 1:23; James 1:18). Wisdom to salvation lies not in the knowledge of the law, rituals, and ceremonies; but true wisdom to salvation is in a spiritual knowledge of Christ, which comes from the Scriptures (Luke 24:44-48).

v. 16. 'All Scripture;' the whole of it (both the Old Testament and the New Testament) is verbally inspired by God, or God-breathed (2 Peter 1:20-21). The Scriptures are commended by their Divine authority. God used men to write his word. These men boldly wrote what the mouth of God spoke! Whoever wishes to profit in the Scriptures must, first of all, lay down this as a sure and settled point: that the Scriptures are not the words, doctrines, and writings of men only, but were dictated by the Holy Spirit!

Having settled this point we can go to the next; therefore, the Scriptures are profitable for doctrine, reproof, correction, and instruction in righteousness.

'Doctrine,' for discovering, confirming, and teaching all doctrine concerning God, man, redemption, eternal life, and all subjects concerning our lives in every area.

'Reproof' of errors, heresies, and false teachings concerning the gospel.

'Correction' of attitude, spirit, and practice in believers.

'Instruction in righteousness' in every branch of duty incumbent upon men. Whether with respect to God or men, the Scriptures are a perfect rule of faith and practice.

v. 17. All Scripture is given that the believer may grow in grace and the knowledge of Christ and be well-fitted and thoroughly equipped for every good work.

11

Preach the word

2 Timothy 4:1-8

v. 1. This is an unfortunate chapter division, for our lesson must begin with verse 16 of the preceding chapter. The word 'therefore' appropriately connects Scripture with preaching. Since all Scripture is God-breathed and is necessary and profitable for doctrine, reproof, correction, instruction and the growth of believers, we must 'preach the word'. All wisdom and understanding are contained in the Scriptures (Isa. 8:19, 20; 1 Peter 2:2). Neither ought we to learn, nor preachers to draw their instructions and doctrines, from any other source! The readin8 of the Scriptures is recommended, but private reading does not hinder, nor make void the ministry of pastor-teachers! (Eph. 4:11-14.)

Paul charges Timothy and every minister of Christ before God, who chose us, and before the Redeemer; who saved us and whose gospel we preach, to be diligent, faithful and true to his word, for we shall surely give an account of our ministry when Christ comes again (Heb. 13:17; 1 Cor. 3:13). 'The quick and the dead' are those who are alive when he comes and those who have died but will be raised (John 5:22). What does it matter what men think of us or our message? It is Christ to whom we are accountable.

v. 2. There is no season for preaching the word of God; we are to be earnestly, constantly and wholly engaged in it at all times. We are to be preparing for it or performing it in all seasons. Reprove errors of doctrine and spirit using the Scriptures! Rebuke sin and error, some privately, others more publicly, according to the nature and circumstances of the offence. Exhort men to the duties of faith, to love one another, do good works, walk as becomes the gospel of Christ and hold fast their profession with gentleness and doctrine! Reproofs, rebukes and exhortations will utterly fail if they are not based on the word of God and given in a spirit of humility, meekness and patience! No man is to obey because we say so, but because God says so. If the word is delivered in harshness, it irritates both heart and mind. All of our exhortations, rebukes and teaching are to have one source and foundation -- the Scriptures!

v. 3. This is the reason for this solemn charge. The time will come (and has come) when people will not receive the gospel of God's grace in Christ. Self-righteous by nature, free-willers in mind, proud and boastful in spirit and lovers of pleasure mow than lovers of God, they will turn their backs on the message of grace, express their indignation at it, treat it with ridicule and contempt, and gather to themselves many false preachers and teachers who preach what men want to hear, promoting doctrines of free will and the dignity of men. Those who trust their religion love to have their ears tickled with pleasant music, declarations of peace and words of praise for their works.

v. 4. They will turn aside from hearing the truth, not being able to receive it nor to rejoice in it, and win mm to vain, empty, useless and unprofitable religious fables, ceremonies and novelties. The only remedy for this wandering is for ministers to adhere closely to the pure doctrine of Christ (2 Thess. 2:10-12).

v. 5. The more error and false teaching prevail, the more earnestly we must labour to preach the troth. The nearer danger and division are at hand, the more diligently we must watch, keeping calm and steady, doing the work of an enthusiastic, bold witness of Christ, fully performing the duties of our ministry, seeking not our own but the things of Christ. Preach the gospel, administer the ordinances and be a true and faithful servant of Christ, and we shah not be ashamed.

vv. 6, 7. 'I am ready to be sacrificed, my life is ready to be poured out (as a drink offering),' which shows that Paul knew that he would be martyred (Acts 20:22-25). He did not fear death nor shrink from it, calling it his 'departure' (a removal from one place to another) (Phil. 1:21-24).

'I have fought a good fight' (1 Tim. 6:12). Whatever may be the opinion of the world, he declares that his fight for truth and the glory of Christ was both good and honorable.

'I have finished my course.' The race is over, his days and years are finished (or the course of his ministry) (Job 14:5).

'I have kept the faith' -- his profession of faith, the doctrine of faith which was committed to his trust and his faithfulness to his hearers (Acts 20:26, 27).

v. 8. 'A crown of righteousness.' The happiness, glory and future state, of all believers is signified by a crown, on account of the glory and excellency of it; in agreement with the character of saints -- kings; and because we are raised to sit among princes and to inherit the throne of glory.

This is called 'a crown of righteousness' because it is perfect holiness and comes to us through the righteousness of Christ. We shall be like him (1 John 3:2).

'This crown is given by God, not to me only, but to every believer.' Every believer loves him and longs for his return (2 Tim. 1:12).

12

And in conclusion

2 Timothy 4:9-22

v. 9. 'Make every effort to come to me soon.' Paul knew that the time of his death was at hand. There were many things that Paul needed to teach young Timothy for the glory of God and the good of the church. No matter that Timothy must leave his place of labor for a season, what he could learn from Paul in a short space of time would be profitable for a long period to all the churches. Those true servants who would labor in the gospel need to confer with older, wiser, and more experienced preachers. Time spent in learning is not lost time.

v. 10. Demas was a close companion and assistant to the apostle. He is mentioned in Col. 4:14 and Philemon 24. We do not know that he denied Christ or totally apostatized; for to leave Paul (who was in prison) fearing for one's own safety or for one's physical comfort is not necessarily to leave Christ. However, the phrase 'having loved this present world' is alarming. Some believe that he came back. Let us always be ready to restore the fallen (Gal. 6:1-2). Crescens and Titus had gone away also but for good reasons and with Paul's consent; they evidently were sent to minister.

v. 11. The beloved physician, Luke, who wrote the book that bears his name and 'The Acts of the Apostles,' was a constant companion to Paul in his travels and sufferings (Col. 4:14). 'Bring Mark with you.' Mark was with Paul and Barnabas earlier in their travels and parted from them, causing some differences between Paul and Barnabas, even separating them. Now Paul was reconciled to Mark and was desirous of his company and assistance (Acts 15:36-40).

v. 12. Tychicus was evidently sent to Ephesus to supply the place of Timothy while he came to Rome.

v. 13. 'Bring the cloak.' Interpreters are not agreed on this, but most believe that with winter coming on (v. 21), the apostle needed his cloak for warmth. His books and parchments were especially important to him, for Paul was a diligent reader and student of the Old Testament and other books. Though he was old and near his end, yet he was mindful of his books and desirous of having them to read (2 Tim. 2:15).

vv. 14-15. Alexander may be the same person mentioned in Acts 19:33-34. Definitely he is the one in I Tim. 1:20. Paul said, 'He did me great wrong, and the Lord will deal with him for his opposition to the gospel and to his servant.' Alexander was now at Ephesus; and since he was such a malicious blasphemer, Timothy was warned to shun him because he resisted Paul's message strongly.

v. 16. At his first trial in Rome, none of his friends from Judea and Asia appeared to plead his cause nor to be a witness for him. Evidently they feared for their lives, as our Lord's disciples did when he was apprehended, forsaking him and fleeing. Paul loves these friends and prayed that God would forgive them (Luke 22:32).

v. 17. 'But the Lord strengthened me.' Paul does not boast of his courage and faithfulness but gives thanks to the Lord (Psalm 27:10). Though reduced to extremities, he does not give up nor lose heart; for he is supported by the grace and power of the Lord and is satisfied with them.

He was God's chosen vessel and instrument to preach the gospel to the Gentiles, even in Caesar's palace. Therefore, he was delivered by the power of God from the very jaws of death, from the hand of Satan, and from the hand of Nero, the Roman emperor. His deliverance was a miracle of God.

v. 18. He declared that he had the same hope for the future, not that he would escape death altogether, for he must die: but he could not be vanquished by Satan nor turned aside from the ministry of Christ until his work was done and God's purpose for him was accomplished (Psalm 91:2-7). The believer does not trust in the flesh, nor stand by the power of men, nor fear what men can do. We are immortal until God calls us home, to whom be all the glory forever and ever! Salvation is of the Lord from beginning to end!

v. 19. Give my greeting to Priscilla and Aquila (Acts 18:2-3) and to the household of Onesiphorus (2 Tim. 1:16-18).

v. 20. Erastus was a steward or official in Corinth (Rom. 16:23) who went with Timothy to Macedonia but returned to Corinth to stay. Trophimus was an Asian of the city of Ephesus (Acts 20:4; 21:29).

v. 21. Come to me before winter when traveling will be more difficult. All the brethren here wish to be remembered to you.

v. 22. 'The Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit' to counsel, and advise, to comfort under every trial, to supply with all grace, to keep from every enemy, and to fit you for every service. God's favor and blessings be with you! Amen.